THE COMMON cold and influenza (flu) are often mistaken for one another. Both can leave you feeling weak, congested, and unable to go about your daily routine in very similar ways, so it’s easy to assume they’re the same illness.
Nevertheless, even if they share similar symptoms, too few people know that you can’t treat them interchangeably. Each illness has its own causes, degrees of severity, and risks. Properly knowing the difference between the two will help ensure proper care and recovery from whichever one you have.
To that end, here’s a guide to help you distinguish between the common cold and influenza and what to expect so that you know how to manage each illness effectively:
The Common Cold
Causes
The common cold is caused by viruses that infect the upper respiratory tract. Among these, rhinoviruses are the most common culprits, spreading easily from person to person through tiny droplets in the air or by touching contaminated surfaces. Crowded places, frequent physical contact, and sudden changes in weather can also increase the risk of exposure. And while the cold itself is not caused by low temperatures, colder months often lead to more infections due to people staying indoors and having closer contact with others.
Symptoms
A cold usually begins with a mild sore throat or a stuffy nose, followed by sneezing and nasal congestion. As the infection progresses, a runny nose, coughing, and mild headaches may develop. Some people experience fatigue, but it’s generally not as severe as other respiratory illnesses.
Fever, if present, tends to be low-grade and short-lived. Symptoms often peak within two to three days and gradually improve over a week, though a lingering cough or congestion may persist slightly longer.
Complications
Although the common cold is mild, it can sometimes lead to complications, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Prolonged congestion may result in sinus infections, causing facial pain, pressure, and persistent headaches.
In some cases, bacteria can take advantage of the weakened respiratory tract, leading to secondary infections such as bronchitis or ear infections. And though it may be rare, a cold that worsens or lasts longer than expected could indicate a more serious underlying issue that may require medical attention.
Treatment and Prevention
There’s no cure for the common cold, but relief comes from managing symptoms and allowing the body to recover. Getting enough rest, staying hydrated, and using saline sprays will all help ease nasal congestion while over-the-counter medications will provide relief from headaches, cough, and sore throat.
Some medicine for colds Philippines’ consumers prefer include decongestants, antihistamines, and cough suppressants. Typically, these are paired with herbal remedies like ginger tea and honey to soothe discomfort.
Preventing colds involves frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and maintaining a strong immune system through a balanced diet and proper sleep. Your observance of all of these practices should reduce your chances of getting sick.
Influenza (Flu)
Causes
Influenza, or the flu, is a respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. These viruses spread through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Contaminated surfaces can also contribute to transmission, especially when people touch their nose, mouth, or eyes after coming into contact with the virus.
Unlike the common cold, which can be triggered by multiple viruses, influenza is primarily caused by Influenza A and B, the two types responsible for seasonal flu outbreaks. Influenza C can also infect humans, but usually leads to mild illness.
Symptoms
Flu symptoms tend to appear suddenly and are more intense than those of the common cold. High fever, chills, muscle aches, and extreme fatigue are among the most noticeable signs. Many individuals also experience a persistent dry cough, sore throat, headache, and nasal congestion. Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea or diarrhea, may also occur—though these are more common in children.
Complications
Flu infections can sometimes escalate into more serious health issues, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. The infection can progress to pneumonia, which may require hospitalization, especially for high-risk individuals. Other complications include bronchitis, sinus infections, and ear infections.
Influenza can also worsen existing medical conditions, such as asthma or heart disease, leading to more serious health concerns. In rare but severe cases, flu-related complications can also result in respiratory failure or inflammation of the heart and brain. You’ll want to seek immediate medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist beyond the usual recovery period.
Treatment and Prevention
Management of flu symptoms involves getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and using fever reducers or pain relievers to alleviate discomfort. Antiviral medications may be prescribed for individuals at risk of severe illness. Practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently and covering coughs and sneezes, will reduce the likelihood of infection. You should also aim to strengthen your immune system against the flu through proper nutrition and adequate sleep to further support your body’s ability to fight off the virus.
Influenza can also be prevented with an annual flu vaccine. This helps the body build immunity against the most prevalent virus strains for the season, reducing the risk of infection and severe complications. Vaccination is especially important for young children, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions, as they’re more vulnerable to severe flu symptoms.
As seen above, both illnesses may seem similar at first, but your understanding of their distinct nature will allow for appropriate treatment and timely intervention. Take proactive steps to protect your health not only to promote faster healing, but also to prevent the spread of the illness to others.
